ct head with contrast delay time

CT cerebral venography (also known as a CTV head or CT venogram ) is a contrast-enhanced examination with an acquisition delay providing an accurate detailed depiction of the cerebral venous system. We assessed the optimal scan timing for the arteryvein separation at whole-brain CT angiography (CTA) when bolus tracking was used at 320-row MDCT. Figure 2 shows the mean TDCs of the ICA and SSS after Taa. Optimal scan delay depending on contrast material injection duration in In most cases you also want to scan the whole abdomen. 2023 May 22. doi: 10.1089/neu.2023.0051. Granulation tissue was the pathological basis of the meningitis-related meningeal thickening, regardless of which portion of meninges (basal cistern meninges, pia mater or ependymal) was affected. and transmitted securely. Ahuja GK, Mohan KK, Prasad K, Behari M. Diagnostic criteria for tuberculous meningitis and their validation. The initial candidates for the study were 111 consecutive patients who underwent whole-brain 4D-CTA between April 2012 and March 2013. With respect to intracranial tuberculoma, regardless of location affected (basal cistern meninges, pia mater, or ependymal), the images obtained from 5-min delayed scan were superior to those obtained from the first phase in terms of both lesion size and margin displaying (P<0.01) (Table 1). Tuberculous encephalitis, tuberculous vasculitis, and tuberculous brain abscess were excluded from the present study. Ex. Alberico RA, Patel M, Casey S, Jacobs B, Maguire W, Decker R. Evaluation of the circle of Willis with three-dimensional CT angiography in patients with suspected intracranial aneurysms. Of course, through our study, we found that image acquisition with 5-min delay after contrast agent injection was superior in displaying intracranial tuberculosis. CT Brain with or without Contrast | Cedars-Sinai 2001-2023 Oregon Health & Science University. Indications include the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosisand preoperative anatomy particularly for posterior fossa surgery where the sigmoid sinuses may be compressed (e.g. You can do this either at 35 sec or 70 sec p.i. CT cerebral venography (protocol). Image of the immediate phase scan (B) showed detectable enhancement of the affected meninges, but was hardly distinguished from the peripheral vasculature due to poor display. 22 However, the combination of our proposed scan timing and detection of the CM arrival at the ICA, confirming the ascent of . . Certain indications require . Khandelwal N, Agarwal A, Kochhar R et-al. Position patient's head as straight as possible. The coronal reconstruction nicely shows bowel wall enhancement in a patient with ileus due to a small bowel obstruction. MSCT of the head was performed using a GE LightSpeed 16-Slice CT scanner (MSF Medical Equipment & Service LTD., Lightspeed). Because of poor enhancement the examination was repeated at 5ml/sec. We assessed the time at which the maximum Datt and Dscore were simultaneously observed. National Library of Medicine The present study suffers from a number of limitations. 2. Test by fast injection of 10cc NaCl manually. In the arterial-dominant phase, attenuation of the vein begins to rise after around 6.0s from Taa. The scan timing after the arrival of contrast media (CM) is one factor that affects the separation of intracranial arteries and veins. Sometimes ischemia can be detected by looking for differences in enhancement of the bowel wall. CT neck (protocol) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org For late arterial phase imaging 35 sec is the optimal time, so you start at about 25 seconds and end at about 45 seconds. CT Angiography of the Aorta: Contrast Timing by Using a Fixed versus a Figure 3 shows the images at the time after Taa in the arterial-dominant phase. Casey SO, Alberico RA, Patel M et-al. This tumor is best seen when the surrounding tissue enhances, i.e. Use for instance a green venflon. Caution must be taken to achieve a well-timed acquisition in CT cerebral venography, particularly in cases of intracranial hypertension which can cause delayed filling of the venous sinus. 6 seconds), the scan is set to initiate the full scan 6 seconds after the injection of the main contrast bolus. There is far better contrast enhancement and better tumor detection. CT scanning combines special . Based on body habitus. Contrast-Enhanced Spiral CT of the Head and Neck: Comparison of contrast, it is important to understand, that there is a dual blood supply to the liver. When the treshhold of 150 HU is reached, the patient is asked to breath in and scanning is started immediately. AJR 2007; 189:314-322, by Pr Dahlman and Aart J. van der Molen The difference in CT attenuation between the ICA and the SSS (Datt) was calculated for each acquisition: Datt=CT attenuation at the ICACT attenuation at the SSS. Head CT (Computed Tomography, CAT scan) - RadiologyInfo.org Diagnostic values of different images were compared using a scoring system applied by 2 experienced radiologists. Smit et al21 reported the usefulness of a simultaneous evaluation technique for the arteries and veins with their CT perfusion data. 100mL MAX, Adults: Scan 45 seconds after start of injection, 200mm (Larger if necessary to include entire Cervical spine anatomy. Angled Helical scan to avoid Orbits if possible. Image acquisition with 5-min delay after contrast agent injection should be performed as a standard scanning protocol to diagnose intracranial TB. OBJECTIVE. In general, oral contrast is used for most abdominal and pelvic CT scans unless there is no suspicion of bowel pathology (e.g., noncontrast CT to detect kidney stones) or when administration. ), Optimal liver enhancement (metastasis, cysts, abscesses, etc. If the HU unit never crosses the threshold for whatever reason, the scan wont automatically initiate and will time out. Meningeal thickening of the cisterna ambiens. Patient has had a Head WO Contrast within the last 6 hours. Liu PS, Platt JF. If you want to characterize a liver lesion, you need maximum contrast at a maximum flow rate, i.e. Online ahead of print. Multi-detector row CT angiography of the brain at various kilovoltage settings. Used for pulmonary embolus, cardiac scans on the Flash scanner, All multiphasic organ based protocols are triggered at 100 HU in the aorta with subsequent scanning of the arterial phase ranging from 12-18 second delay after trigger depending on the scanner, Arterial Phase: 18 seconds after HU trigger, Portal Venous Phase:35 seconds after HU trigger, Final Phase: 120 seconds after HU trigger, The arterial phase on these examples will be a little bit more delayed than the arterial phase on a true arterial based examination such as an aorta study where the scanner is trigger immediately upon reaching the target HU (i.e. Lell MM, Anders K, Uder M, Klotz E, Ditt H, Vega-Higuera F, et al. CT Contrast Timing Techniques Fixed Time Delay (Most common) The patient is scanned at a pre-determined time point (delay) from the contrast bolus injection Used on all routine chest, abdomen, and/or pelvis scans, routine trauma CAP scans, and mesenteric ischemia & enterography (late arterial at 45 seconds) Bolus Tracking - Delay: 60 sec. A previous study preferred a fixed delay time for bolus tracking owing to the lack of consistency in optimal triggering.23 In another study of brain CTA at 320-row MDCT, a test bolus was also used for a similar reason.22 However, the combination of our proposed scan timing and detection of the CM arrival at the ICA, confirming the ascent of the ICA attenuation from the baseline, could resolve this defect in 3D-CTA with bolus tracking. A 320-row MDCT is thus expected for the arteryvein separation on brain 3D-CTA. Once the HU crosses 80HU, the scanner counts down 15 seconds before the scan is acquired. Authors . Postcontrast phase acquired with a hepatobiliary agent after the extracellular phase, before the hepatobiliary phase, and with the following characteristics: Liver vessels and hepatic parenchyma are of similar signal intensity, Both the intracellular and extracellular pools of the agent contribute substantially to parenchymal enhancement, Typically acquired 2 to 5 minutes after injection of gadoxetate, Postcontrast phase acquired with a hepatobiliary agent where, Liver parenchyma is hyperintense to hepatic blood vessels, There is excretion of contrast into biliary system, Typically acquired about 20 minutes after injection with gadoxetate, If obtained, typically acquired 1-3 hours after injection with gadobenate, Suboptimal if liver is not more intense than hepatic blood vessels. 1 Routine Head 2 Temporal Bones/IAMs 3 Circle of Willis (COW) CTA 4 Facial Bones/Sinuses 5 Soft Tissue Neck 6 Carotid Arteries CTA Routine Head Temporal Bones/IAMs Circle of Willis (COW) CTA scan routine head post-contrast Facial Bones/Sinuses Soft Tissue Neck Carotid Arteries CTA This page was last edited on 11 November 2020, at 16:42. These values were significantly higher than those in the other arterial-dominant phases (p<0.001). Normal appearance of arachnoid granulations on contrast-enhanced CT and MR of the brain: differentiation from dural sinus disease. The number of patients with mean scores of >2 for the arteries and veins was also evaluated. Comparison of different volumes of saline flush in the assessment of perivenous artefacts in the subclavian vein during cervical CT angiography. In the present study, Ttra was 5.7s, which is in accordance with the findings of a previous study regarding the cerebral circulation time calculated from patients without any vascular pathology.20 Therefore, we considered that our results obtained on the contralateral side without a mass lesion could be adapted to other patients requiring 3D-CTA. Contrast-Enhanced Helical CT of the Head and Neck: FOIA Luo S, Zhang LJ, Meinel FG, Zhou CS, Qi L, McQuiston AD, et al. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies At pre-contrast CT scan (A), some of the pia tubercle lesions showed a certain degree of calcification with density and swollen sulcus in left parietal lobe was also seen, with detectable finger-like edema zone. Optimal contrast enhancement is important for a succesful diagnostic CT-scan. Coach patient on proper breathing instructions prior to scan. A premature acquisition may create a false impression of thrombosis, which is simply due to contrast not yet reaching the venous sinuses - if the cerebral veins are not opacified on a CT cerebral venogram, premature acquisition should be suspected. Generally, MR imaging appears to be superior to CT in the detection and assessment of CNS tuberculosis, especially for bottom pool lesions, abnormal meningeal enhancing, and cerebral infarction display, but CT can detect abnormal intracranial calcification and there is no statistically significant difference in intracranial lesion detection rate between the 2 methods [14,15]. Orrison WW, Jr, Snyder KV, Hopkins LN, Roach CJ, Ringdahl EN, Nazir R, et al. On a poor quality scan it is impossible to rule out emboli. Scan range was from the OM line to the parietal lobe of the brain, with a section thickness of 5 mm and a layer spacing of 5 mm. For an optimal vascular or tissue contrast a sufficient volume of contrast medium and a start delay greater than 70-80 s are necessary. At the time the article was created Dalia Ibrahim had no recorded disclosures. The marks of contrast phases on all images obtained were erased, then images were analyzed by 2 professional radiologists according to the following scoring method: for the size of isolated lesion, larger at the delayed phase (DP) than the immediate phase (IP): DP scored 2, and IP scored 0; larger at IP than DP: DP scored 0, and IP scored 2, equal on the both phase images: both phases scored 1; for the marginal definitions, more clearly at DP than IP: the DP scored 2, and IP scored 0; more clearly at IP than DP: the DP scored 0, and the IP scored 2; same on the 2 phase images: both phases scored 1; and quantitative analysis of the ability to distinguish the isolated lesion from the vascular section: tightly associated or indistinguishable: scored 1, otherwise (easily distinguishable), scored 2. Subsequently, the lesion-revealing performance of both scans on various types of TB lesions was compared. Before Leakage after bowel surgery is a great clinical problem. A graph showing the scanning protocol for whole-brain four-dimensional CT angiography: the scanning speed was 1.0s per rotation. Optimal enhancement of pulmonary arteries in an old patient with a poor cardiac output. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. The performances of distinguishing various types of lesions from vascular section by delayed phase and immediate phase scans. Cerebral CT angiography using a small volume of concentrated contrast material with a test injection method: optimal scan delay for quantitative and qualitative performance. Clinical and radiological features of symptomatic central nervous system tuberculomas. Sixty-four-row multisection CT angiography for detection and evaluation of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: interobserver and intertechnique reproducibility. Bernaerts A, Vanhoenacker FM, Parizel PM, et al. More information is given in the protocol anastomosis leakage. As a result, simultaneous opacification of the arteries and veins occurs, making it difficult to separate these vessels on brain CTA. All data were reported as meansSD (standard deviation). Matsumoto et al10 reported a technique for obtaining a separate demonstration of the arterial and venous phases on brain three-dimensional (3D)-CTA at 16-row multidetector CT (MDCT). On rare occasions, it will be performed as a non-contrast study. The first 16 acquisitions were obtained at 80kVp, 100mA and a rotation time of 1.0s. The next four acquisitions were obtained at 80kVp, 50mA and a rotation time of 1.0s. For whole-brain 4D-CTA, the volume of the CM was adjusted according to the patient body weight; all patients received 245mgkg1 of non-ionic CM (iopamidol) (Iopamiron 370; Bayer HealthCare, Osaka, Japan) injected over a fixed duration of 10.0s, followed by a 40-ml saline flush injected at the same rate as the CM.13,17,18 A dual-shot injector (Nemoto Kyorindo, Tokyo, Japan) was used to inject both the CM and saline flush via a 20-gauge i.v. CT head (protocol) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org CT vs. MRI for Cervical Spine Scan. The ordering Provider or Radiologist does not want it. Intracranial tuberculoma: comparison of MR with pathologic findings. First, 16 acquisitions were obtained every 2.0s. Next, four acquisitions were obtained every 5.0s. Solid lines are indicating the timedensity curve (TDC) for the internal carotid artery (ICA) and dashed lines are indicating the TDC for the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). Usually only a portion of the bowel is filled with contrast. We evaluated the impact of delayed scans on the conspicuity of squamous cell carcinoma in helical CT of the head and neck. Siebert E, Diekmann S, Masuhr F, Bauknecht HC, Schreiber S, Klingebiel R, et al. An obstructing tumor will be better seen. Moreover, it was unable to display the central caseous necrosis tubercle region by using current CT spatial resolution. Changes in CE with time, and associations between patient factors and time to peak contrast enhancement (TPCE) were modelled with mixed effects non-linear and linear regression, respectively. 23 In another study of brain CTA at 320-row MDCT, a test bolus was also used for a similar reason. In their study, they determined the peak time of the CTA scan using the test bolus technique. CT Protocols - Head, Face, & Neck - wikiRadiography Finally, 60 subjects (32 females and 28 males; age range, 1786 years; median age, 56 years) were enrolled in this study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17(8): 1523-1532. CT angiography revealed an abrupt cutoff of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) at the bifurcation of the parieto-occipital and calcarine arteries, consistent with a distal occlusion of the PCA. Thus, although the tubercle lesions were enhanced, they were still difficult to differentiate from the vascular sections with similar diameter. The maximum Dscore in the venous-dominant phase was observed at 16.0s (Dscore=1.92) after Taa. Especially in small bowel obstruction (SBO) you need to answer the most important question: is there strangulation? CT Perfusion of the Head - RadiologyInfo.org Scan a HEAD WO CONTRAST before CTA HEAD & NECK exam unless: Exam is ordered as Stereotactic for Surgery Planning Patient has had a Head WO Contrast within the last 6 hours. These values were significantly higher than those in other arterial-dominant phases (p<0.001). Then, the scanner is set to scan the patient with the time to peak as the delay after the injection of the main contrast bolus. In our study, only tuberculous meningitis and intracranial tuberculomas were studied, because enhanced CT scan was inappropriate for tuberculous encephalitis imaging [10], and displaying tuberculous vasculitis needs proper arterial phase scanning [11], and cases of tuberculous brain abscess are rarely seen. meningioma), cerebral parenchymal abnormalities such as hemorrhagic infarction. Whole-brain dynamic CT angiography and perfusion imaging. CT Technical Protocols: Pediatric Protocols. 1C: Pre- and post-contrast head CT mass, metastases, AVM. IV iodinated contrast contraindications, such as chronic renal failureand allergy. The inclusion criterion was as follows: patients who underwent whole-brain 4D-CTA for the pre-operative evaluation of intracranial masses. The optimal scan delays of the arterial and pancreatic parenchymal phase in multi-phase CT scan using fixed scan delay or bolus-tracking should be determined with consideration of the injection duration. If this scanning mode were used in our routine work, the radiation dose would be greatly reduced. ), aka Excretory, Wash-out, or Equilibrium phase, Pelvic DVT: 150-180 seconds post injection, Liver and Renal: 180 seconds post injection, Wash out of contrast in all abdominal structures except for fibrotic lesions/tissue (e.g. Sometimes a lesion will be hypovascular compared to the normal tissue and in some cases a lesion will be hypervascular to the surrounding tissue in a certain phase of enhancement. The parenchymal tuberculoma was the third type of TB lesion. Because this was a prospective study, and our purpose was to determine the optimal scan timing window for displaying intracranial TB, 3 scans were applied, but the mean total radiation of our study did not exceed the prescribed radiation dose. Diagnostic values of different images were compared using a scoring system applied by 2 experienced radiologists. We will try to investigate the optimal timing for patients with arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms or stenoses. Hypovascular lesions like metastases, cysts and abscesses will not enhance and are best seen in the hepatic phase at 70 sec p.i. However, there was no quantitative evaluation of the degree of venous contamination relating to the Datt. With our study protocol of a 30-second injection and 10-second saline flush, the optimal temporal window to achieve pulmonary artery enhancement greater than 200 H was from 16 seconds to 41 seconds after the start of the injection. With Contrast: Only one CT contrast study should be scheduled within a 48 hour period. Compare the NECT without oral or rectal contrast on the left with the images on the right after rectal contrast. Head computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a hypodensity in the left temporal and occipital lobes. Therefore, our results showing that the TDC of the SSS corresponded to that of the ICA with Ttra are in agreement with the findings of a previous study. For monitoring the CM arrival at the circle of Willis for 3D-CTA using bolus tracking, we investigated the time from CM arrival at the internal carotid artery (ICA). CT paranasal sinus (protocol) | Radiology Reference Article Detection of intracranial aneurysms: multi-detector row CT angiography compared with DSA. Based on our clinical experience, immediate MSCT scanning after contrast agent injection was unable to demonstrate the changes of intracranial TB lesions in morphology and density. Radiographics. A practical approach to CT angiography of the neck and brain. The table shows an overview of some of the CT-protocols, that we use (click to enlarge). Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. In the present study, all these were well displayed on the 5-min delayed scan images, and were superior to those obtained on the immediate phase. The vessels evaluated were as follows: the intracranial arteries (ICA, M1M2 segments in the middle cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, pericallosal artery, vertebral artery and basilar artery tip) and veins (SSS, sphenoparietal sinus and jugular bulb). Seo H, Choi DS, Shin HS et-al. 2006;26 Suppl 1 (suppl_1): S19-41. However, we considered this acceptable evaluation because our assessment was performed on the basis of each sufficient depiction of the major intracranial arteries and veins. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Position patient's head as straight as possible. Good enhancement in SVC and aorta in image 3A, but insufficient enhancement of the pulmonary vessels due to TIC in image 3B. CT attenuation in the supraclinoid segment of the ICA, and in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) at the level of the obelion, was considered representative of the vessels and was measured in each acquisition for all patients. For our injection protocol, we recommend a scan timing of 6.0s or 8.0s for the arterial phase and 16.0s for the venous phase after Taa. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Ibrahim D, Murphy A, Mohammed W, et al. All patients had the most common clinical manifestations such as headache, fever, vomiting, and nausea and all met the clinical diagnosis criteria for intracranial TB: i) clinical manifestations of fever and headache (more than 14 days), vomiting, perceptual transformation, and dissociated sensory loss [4,5]; ii), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showing increased CSF lymphocytes (higher than 20106/L, lymphocytes >60%), elevated protein level (higher than 100 mg/dl), and lowered glucose (CSF glucose <60% of blood glucose level), negative results for both India ink stain test and microscopic test on cancerous cells [4,6]; iii), X-ray computed tomography findings showing exudates in both brain basal cistern and cistern of lateral sulcus, infarcts in basal ganglia region, gyriform enhancement, and formation of tuberculoma; and iv) evidence of tuberculosis involvement of other organs, such as positive PPD test [7,8]. The CT-image shows nice enhancement of the normal bowel wall (yellow arrows) and no enhancement of the infarcted bowel (red arrows). 100mL MAX, 2ml/kg OMNI 300 @ 1.0-4.0ml/sec. Multi-Slice Computed Tomography 5-Minute Delayed Scan is Superior to For arteryvein separation, a period of at least Ttra, the cerebral circulation time, is required between the arterial phase and the venous phase. Difference in CT attenuation between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the superior sagittal sinus (Datt) was calculated in each phase. 3D-CT arteriography and 3D-CT venography: the separate demonstration of arterial-phase and venous-phase on 3D-CT angiography in a single procedure. through a 18 gauge green venflon. In our practice, we also found that it was difficult to distinguish the vascular sections in the cerebral sulcus from the small tubercles on the pia mater, especially on the immediate phase. The specifics will vary depending on CT hardware and software, radiologists' and referrers' preference, institutional protocols, patient factors (e.g. Rectal contrast is given in cases of suspected bowel perforation or anastomosis leakage. They are best seen in the delayed phase at 600 sec p.i. Smit EJ, Vonken EJ, van der Schaaf IC, Mendrik AM, Dankbaar JW, Horsch AD, et al. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Timedensity curves (TDCs) for the ICA and for the SSS were obtained for each patient (Figure 1). 2014;202 (2): W169-75. In some cases it can be difficult to differentiate a pancreatic carcinoma from a focal chronic pancreatitis. Meningeal thickening complicated by tuberculoma in left cisterna corpora quadrigemina was revealed. Delayed Cerebral Abscess Formation After Posterior Cerebral Artery Murayama K, Katada K, Nakane M, Toyama H, Anno H, Hayakawa M, et al. Intracranial tuberculoma and tubercle, which only differ in size, were the second group. Multiple intracranial tuberculoma. On the basis of their results and a prior experimental study,16 scan start time and duration were determined so as not to miss the attenuation upslope of arteries and downslope of the veins. We do not routinely perform a NECT in order keep the radiation dose as low as possible. In these situations, consider using the test bolus technique, With any bolus tracking protocol you can have a monitoring delay and a diagnostic scan delay, Monitoring delay is the delay from injection start to actual tracking of the bolus, Diagnostic scan delay is the delay between crossing the HU threshold and the actual scan initiating, Example: A protocol has a 10 second monitoring delay/80 HU threshold/15 second diagnostic scan delay. If different injection durations were employed, we would need to perform additional studies. More radiation is needed in areas of positive contrast to get the same quality of images. PDF Neuroradiology CT Protocols Cherian A, Thomas SV. Developmental delay [29,59] 4. Stereotactic/ synthes CTA head (COW) Differences of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Include skin surface if possible. This patient needs immediate surgery. We therefore believe that research for the appropriate CT scanning mode is necessary and has great value in clinical applications. The ability of the 2 enhanced phases in displaying the lesion were compared, including the size, the margins, CT value change of the substantial part, and ability to distinguish the lesion and peripheral vasculature. In the brain, inflow to the venous system is simply due to outflow from the arteries. Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis: current techniques, spectrum of findings, and diagnostic pitfalls. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The .gov means its official. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Using a visual evaluation score for the depiction of arteries and veins, we calculated the difference between the mean score for the intracranial arteries and the mean score for the veins (Dscore). Notice the cluster of thick walled loops with poor enhancement and edema of the mesentery (red circle). Evaluation of glioblastomas and lymphomas with whole-brain CT perfusion: comparison between a delay-invariant singular-value decomposition algorithm and a Patlak plot. The quality of CT depends on good contrast delivery and perfect timing. Imaging in acute pancreatitis is best done after 72 hours of presentation. 8600 Rockville Pike Evaluating psychiatric disorder 60[] . Corresponding Author: Xiangxing Ma, e-mail: Received 2014 Mar 19; Accepted 2014 May 15. Optic nerve diameter on non-contrast computed tomography and - PubMed In a total of 51 subjects, 27 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 8 patients with multiple metastatic tumours, 10 patients with post-operative status and 6 patients with severe motion artefacts during scanning were excluded owing to the exclusion criteria. A 320-row multidetector CT (MDCT) is expected for a good arteryvein separation in terms of temporal resolution. Metastases in the liver are best detected at 70-80 sec p.i., when the liver parenchyma enhances optimally. Matsumoto M, Kodama N, Sakuma J, Sato S, Oinuma M, Konno Y, et al. PDF Acr-asnr-spr Practice Parameter for The Performance of Computed However, for intracranial lesions, especially the relatively small blood supply granulation tissues within TB lesions, it has been unclear which scan timing window is optimal for intracranial TB lesions immediate scan or delayed scan. Lubicz B, Levivier M, Francois O, Thoma P, Sadeghi N, Collignon L, et al. 2D = Coronal and Sagittal, 3D = Hepatic arterial anatomy to include the celiac and all branches and the proximal SMA and any hepatic arterial variants. First, we analyzed 4D-CTA data scanned with a tube voltage of 80kVp. A scan at 35 sec p.i. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Contrast-enhanced spiral CT studies of the head and neck are performed frequently using contrast material volumes of approximately 30 g iodine and a scan delay of 30-45 seconds.

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