economic disadvantages of surface mining

What follows are brief descriptions of the most common methods. 2014;84:494501. A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. This method is often considered safer, as well, and doesnt require extensive electricity rigging and water piping. Kumah A. Sustainability and gold mining in the developing world. Pollution leaching from coal ash storage and landfills into groundwater and several large impoundments of coal ash that ruptured are environmental concerns. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. All clusters were checked visually with the field maps and the Landsat images and only unambiguous clusters were retained. Easy transportation through pipelines. Akiwumi FA, Butler DR. Mining and environmental change in Sierra Leone, West Africa: A remote sensing and hydrogeomorphological study. To date, little research appears to have been conducted into mitigation measure effectiveness, and we were unable to find any synthesis or overview of the systems-level effectiveness of metal mining mitigation measures. Kitula AGN. Hirdes, W., G. Senger, et al. 2006;48:8190. In 2020, methane emissions from coal mining and abandoned coal mines accounted for about 7% of total U.S. methane emissions and about 1% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions (based on global warming potential). We will search across 17 bibliographic databases as show in Table2. Springer Nature. Information, education and communication on the environmental and socio-economic effects of surface mining. Mine abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing can also have both positive and negative social impacts. Mining is bad for health: a voyage of discovery | SpringerLink On the principles of political economy and taxation. Farmland loss was the most widespread land cover change, with 4935.3ha farmland (45% of all farmland within mining concessions) being converted to pits (Table2). His interdisciplinary research approach is spatially explicit and uses remote sensing, GIS, statistical models, participatory behavior- and policy analyses. Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Refinements of the inclusion criteria will be made in liaison with the entire review team where necessary. Walker R. Theorizing land-cover and land-use change: The case of tropical deforestation. 2009; Reenberg 2001). In comparison, surface mining methods vs. underground mining methods have advantages such as high production rate, the possibility of the extraction of low-grade . Theme: Envo Blog. New search results will be processed in the same way as original search results. Zhang X, Yang L, Li Y, Li H, Wang W, Ye B. Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China. volume8, Articlenumber:9 (2019) Given the regions geological features and societys need for metals, resource extraction is likely to dominate discourse on development of northern latitudes in the near future. Assessing land cover change resulting from large surface mining development. I look at mining and health from various personal perspectives: that of the ordinary man . Best Answer Copy The advantages of surface mining are: * It is cheaper to extract the ore or metal than underground mining * Less chance of workers dying from toxic fumes, therefore it is. Underground or "deep" mining consist mostly of two methods - room-and-pillar and longwall mining. Lebbie, A.R. In general, mining can also help to increase the overall GDP and the economic growth of a country. What are the consequences of gold surface mining-related land cover changes for local livelihoods in the Wassa West District? The cycle of operations for both techniques consists of vegetation clearing, soil removal, drilling and blasting of . Foley JA, DeFries R, et al. http://www.snl.com/Sectors/MetalsMining/Default.aspx. Impacts (direct and indirect, positive and negative) associated with metal mining (for gold, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, silver, molybdenum and lead) or its mitigation measures. This type of mining occurs primarily on mountaintops, and . In Tebrebi and Twiyaa, experts from the Wassa Association of Communities Affected by Mining were consulted to select a group of farmers affected by farmland loss and covering the range of smallholder farm sizes (0.44ha). Methodological rigour in assessing participatory development. People and the environment: Approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS. The hilly topography is characterized by gentle slopes and wide valleys. Hydrogeological studies on the Tarkwa gold mining district, Ghana. Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2016. 2008. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that Ghana may face a resource curse dilemma: economic diversification is lacking and the countrys economic dependency on mineral resource export revenues grows (Adler and Berke 2006; Akabzaa and Darimani 2001; Aryee 2001). Eugene: Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide; 2010. In turn, the tax revenue as well as the profits of other companies may increase as well. Meta-data extraction and coding will be performed by multiple reviewers following consistency checking on an initial coding of subset of between 10 and 15 full texts, discussing all disagreements. These studies are based on the regional geologic conditions, including characteristics of the site; coal seams continuity; thickness; structure; quality; and depth and strength. Fine-scale data gathered via participatory mapping and household surveys have considerable potential to understand land systems, because such data are collected at the scale where land use decisions are made (Liu et al. About 46% of the district is used for agriculture, mostly oil palm and other cash crop plantations as well as some subsistence farming (Wassa West District Assembly 2004). For qualitative research; comparators are typically implicit, if present and will thus not be required. Tatort Bergbau IV: 4. Twiyaa had been identified in a survey held in several villages of the Wassa West District as a typical village regarding mining impacts on local livelihoods, including reallocation of farmland and related compensations, surface water pollution, and noise disturbance (Agbesinyale 2003; Akabzaa and Darimani 2001). Observing trends and assessing data for Arctic mining. Benchmark list of relevant articles for comprehensiveness checking of search strategy. Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining Background Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing of a mine can impact social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative, and direct and indirect ways. Reserves, production, prices, employment and productivity, distribution, stocks, imports and exports. that are lost elsewhere due to mining (Table2). Within Ghana, we selected the Wassa West District, Ghanas primary gold mining region. Casino Table Games for Women: Whats on the Market? Spatial planning was considered very important by almost all interview partners, but our interviewees also emphasized a marked lack of information (e.g., 25% of all interviewed farmers did not know the current legal status of their land). This points to rapidly eroding livelihood foundations, suggesting that the environmental and social costs of Ghanas gold boom may be much higher than previously thought. and environmental degradation (e.g., pollution of surface waters, biodiversity loss), together pointing to rapidly eroding livelihood foundations. . 2013;21:327. Thus, surface mining may have additional, substantial indirect social and environmental cost (e.g., spill-over effects, social discontent) in addition to the direct costs of mining that are widely acknowledged (e.g., farmland loss, pollution). The literature on the environmental and social impacts of mining has grown in recent years, but despite its clear importance, there has been little synthesis of research knowledge pertaining to the social and environmental impacts of metal mining in Arctic and boreal regions. Despite their fundamental role in economic development, mining activities represent one of the main sources of human impact on the environment and ecosystem components, both during their life . Wassa West district and major gold deposits and mining concessions considered in Western Ghana (adapted from Hirdes et al. Our interviews indicate a massive erosion of the regions farming base and a widespread degradation and loss of ecosystem services that local communities depend on (Table4). Crucial energy source during the energy transition process. Adjei, E. 2007. As of 2015, there were some 373 mineral mines across Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, The Faroes, Norway (including Svalbard), Sweden, Finland and Russia (see Table1), with the top five minerals being gold, iron, copper, nickel and zinc [33]. Haddaway NR, Bayliss HR. Keeling A, Sandlos J. Ghost towns and zombie mines: the historical dimensions of mine abandonment, reclamation, and redevelopment in the Canadian North. Lawrence R, Larsen RK. Max Roman Dilthey is a science, health and culture writer currently pursuing a master's of sustainability science. Digging Up the Benefits Subsurface Mining: The Good and the Bad Unveiling the Advantages Consider the Drawbacks The Pros, Outlined Disadvantages Discovered Related posts: Digging Up the Benefits When it comes to subsurface mining, the biggest benefit is that it can be done with minimal surface disruption. Akabzaa, T., and A. Darimani. The common strip-mining techniques are classified as area mining or contour mining on the basis of the deposit geometry and type. Unfortunately though, no such study linking survey and land change data for assessing gold mining impacts in West Africa has been carried out. Appleton J, Weeks J, Calvez J, Beinhoff C. Impacts of mercury contaminated mining waste on soil quality, crops, bivalves, and fish in the Naboc River area, Mindanao, Philippines. Overall, there is a risk that rural livelihoods become unsustainable in such contexts (Adjei 2007; Scoones 1998). Silica Sand Research Paper. What are the disadvantages of strip mining? We also thank Mistra EviEM for co-funding the first Advisory Group meeting and publication fees for the systematic map. Ghana: Sicherheit in Bergbau. Underground Mining vs. Surface Mining, What Are Their Differences Brainly User. Worldwide, 40 percent of mining occurs at the surface, according to Greenpeace International. The boreal ecosystem. Mahar A, Wang P, Ali A, Awasthi MK, Lahori AH, Wang Q, Li RH, Zhang ZQ. Pros and Cons of Surface Miner One of the most important pros is replacing D+B, ripping, loading and primary crushing. 2011;6:e18875. Open Pit Mining Pros & Cons | Sciencing Mining, Development and Social Conflicts. We used Landsat satellite images from 19862002 to map land cover change and field interviews with farmers to understand the livelihood implications of mining-related land cover change. Surface mining led to the direct loss of about 5,000ha of farmland (representing about 5% of the districts total farmland), affecting an estimated 6.8% of the total agricultural labor force (total farmland and total agricultural labor force numbers are based on (Wassa West District Assembly 2004)). There are many advantages as well as disadvantages to both methods, including financial and environmental reasoning. Through both concurrent and post-closure rehabilitation, returning the mining areas to positively useful and selfsustaining landforms. Mining techniques and combustion are both dangerous to miners and hazardous to the environment; however, coal accounts for about half of the electricity generation in the United States. 1993. Thus, although foreign direct investments and economic growth are positive for Ghanas economy, this comes at a serious environmental and social cost, mostly for local livelihoods, that may bear potential for political destabilization in the long run. Searches for academic (i.e. The participatory workshop was held in the village of Twiyaa inside the BogosoPrestea concession. Lassey, A.G. 2002. Permanent mines occupied a relatively small area in this region (1.8ha). 2004). By-products can be used for plastic production. Guidelines and Standards for Evidence synthesis in Environmental Management. measured impacts) observed in social, technological and environmental systems will be included. Both images were cloud-free and orthorectified with a positional accuracy of <30m (Tucker et al. What is the advantage and disadvantage of surface mining? - Quora How much carbon dioxide is produced per kilowatthour of U.S. electricity generation? Lowest cost along with open cast mining. We thank the project Advisory Team for comments on the project and the draft: the team consisted of Dag Avango, Steven Cooke, Sif Johansson, Rebecca Lawrence, Pamela Lesser, Bjrn hlander, Kaisa Raito, Rebecca Rees, and Maria Teng. Int J Surf Min Reclam Environ. Surface mining is cheaper than underground ming. Advantages and disadvantages of open pit mining - LORECENTRAL -The toxic water that flows out can find its way to . Mining can yield a range of benefits to societies, but it may also cause conflict, not least in relation to above . Maps by energy source and topic, includes forecast maps. Ghana also began issuing extraction licenses within protected forest areas in 2003 (Kusimi 2008). High capital investment associated with large equipment. Song C, Woodcock CE, et al. Cookies policy. Wesseling. 2001. Amongst the advantages are that it is cheaper, can recover more of the resource (usually up to 100% within the mining excavation), is safer and can use larger-scale mining equipment offering higher production rates. Coupled human and natural systems. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal An example for such support is micro-finance schemes or a district-level investment agency supporting smallholder agriculture. Possible improvements to the current legislation could, for example, be revenue reinvestment in regional development, developing alternative income strategies, and supporting the economic diversification of local populations (Agbesinyale 2003). Because miners are working on the surface, they have more room to maneuver and can use larger equipment to extract resources more quickly. Fenn Int J Geogr. Exclude, not relevant metal mining (intervention/exposure) [this category is related to the above intervention/exposure exclusion criteria but will only be selected where all other criteria are met, facilitating expansion of the map in the future]. 2002;19:6573. Based on our results, field visits, and interviews with farmers and stakeholders, we suggest five possible actions for resolving conflicts and stimulating regional development. Several principal emissions result from coal combustion: The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates (as of October 2022) that in 2021, CO2 emissions from burning coal for energy accounted for about 20% of total U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions and for nearly 60% of total CO2 emissions from the electric power sector. Underground mines generally affect the landscape less than surface mines. Similar to underground mining, Surface mining also has a few upsides and downsides. Environmental impacts of metal ore mining and processing: a review. In Ghana, gold is mined in two fundamentally different ways. Error matrix for the land cover change classification, PAC producers accuracy, UAC users accuracy, AC overall accuracy; all other acronyms see Table1. In contrast to deep mining methods, surface mining methods (Fig. During the participatory workshop in Twiyaa, we found much evidence that the community is heavily affected by mining activities: blasting, lack of clean water, and decreasing farmland where identified as most important effects of the BogosoPrestea mine during a ranking exercise with the participants in Twiyaa. Polar Geogr. Restructuring and risk-reduction in mining: employment implications for northern Sweden. is a researcher associated with the Geogrpahy Department of Humboldt-University Berlin. U.S. laws require that dust and water runoff from areas affected by coal mining operations must be controlled, and the area must be reclaimed close to its original condition. What happens when surface mining occurs? Our society is more dependent on mines today than ever before. We will search a suite of bibliographic databases, online search engines and organisational websites for relevant research literature using a tested search strategy. Without replanting and restoring the ecosystem, a strip mining site can take decades to recover. Our goal here was to assess land cover change due to gold surface mining in Western Ghana, one of the world's leading gold . Hausmann, U., and E. Strohscheidt. Exclude, no comparator [for quantitative studies only]. Reliable energy source. Second, spatial planning should become a prominent part of mid-term development reporting and district development planning. Haddaway NR, Collins AM, Coughlin D, Kirk S. The role of Google Scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching. World Wildlife Organisation. For example, participatory management and the establishment of community forest resources have proven successful in managing common-pool resources eslewhere (Gobeze et al. It has been estimated that more than two-thirds of the world's yearly mineral production is extracted by surface mining. EIA's free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and widgets. However, opponents of surface mining cite many issues with its operations. Mining | Definition, History, Examples, Types, Effects, & Facts The water draining from these filled valleys may contain pollutants that can harm aquatic wildlife downstream. Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B, Rubel F. World Map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification updated. (1993)). On the other hand, large-scale surface- and underground mining enterprises operate with industrialized production chains and direct ties to international markets. We also thank the 3MK stakeholder group for valuable input. 2011;34:3761. Disadvantages include its high visibility, the large-scale surface disturbance and the limited economic depth to which mining can take place. Akpalu W, Parks PJ. Sonter LJ, Moran CJ, Barrett DJ, Soares-Filho BS. Hybrid classification approaches combine advantages of unsupervised methods (i.e., little a priori knowledge needed) with the better discriminative power of supervised classifications (Kuemmerle et al. Arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in cocoyam (. For example, approximately 40% of the groundwater resources in the Tarkwa concession were lost due to mining (Kuma and Younger 2004). Is surface or underground mining bad for the environment? Disadvantages include hazards to human health and the environment. Determinants of cropland abandonment in postsocialist Romania. Recall techniques were used to describe historic land use patterns, particularly in regards to farmland losses. 2010;188:6175. Essay On Cast Iron. 2016;97:17985. 1). Cross-border comparison of land cover and landscape pattern in Eastern Europe using a hybrid classification technique. Surface mining is often preferred to subsurface mining by companies in the industry because it is less expensive, there are fewer complications with electricity and water, and it is safer. government site. Participants where chosen from the villages of Twiyaa (BogosoPrestea concession), Tebrebi (Tarkwa concession), and New Atuabo (resettlement area in the Wassa West district). Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing of a mine can impact social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative, and direct and indirect ways. Where records still cannot be obtained, requests for articles will be sent to corresponding authors where email addresses are provided and/or requests for full texts will be made through ResearchGate. Study location (country or broad region) versus data/study type. Explanatory notes for the geological map of southwest Ghana. The vicissitudes of mineral policy in Ghana. We decided to study the countrys oldest surface mining area, the Wassa West District, which includes three of the countrys largest surface mine concessions: BogosoPrestea, Tarkwa, and Damang.

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