how are christian and hindu temples different?

BBC - Religions - Hinduism: Worship The survey asked Indians how often they read or listen to recitations of religious books. 2. Generally, younger and older Indians, those with different educational backgrounds, and men and women are similar in their levels of religious observance. Christians are the least likely religious community to feel religion plays a very important role in their personal lives, but still, fully three-quarters (76%) say this is the case. College-educated Indians also are more likely to dance than those with less education (32% vs. 26%). Indias massive population is diverse as well as devout. And people in North India are more likely than Indians in other regions to ever practice yoga. For many Indians, the high importance of religion is reflected in religious practices centered at home. For example, Hindus who say it is very important to be Hindu to be truly Indian are much more likely than other Hindus to say they meditate weekly or more often (55% vs. 35%). The shape of the dome varies from region to region and the steeple is often in the form of the trident of Shiva. Hindu nationalist sentiments also appear to have less of a foothold in the South. While Indian women are more likely than men to watch religious programs or other serials at least weekly, men are much more likely than women to watch news programs. The Center previously has conducted religion-focused surveys across sub-Saharan Africa; the Middle East-North Africa region and many other countries with large Muslim populations; Latin America; Israel; Central and Eastern Europe; Western Europe; and the United States. Four typical features of a mosuqe About four-in-ten Muslims (38%) say they pray all five namaz daily; this figure is similar across different age groups, education levels and castes. Where people live also is linked with household practices. Other deities, attendants, and mythical figures can also . Across religious groups, people perform puja at home more often than they do at a temple. The Qur'an is the primary Islamic scripture. In 1984, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards as revenge for Indian paramilitary forces storming the Sikh Golden Temple in pursuit of Sikh militants. Far fewer say there are many gods (6%). None of these courts have been recognized by the Indian government, and their rulings are not considered legally binding. Meanwhile, the vast majority of Northeastern Indians have never taken one (81%). One of these religious fault lines the relationship between Indias Hindu majority and the countrys smaller religious communities has particular relevance in public life, especially in recent years under the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). As a result, the Christian population of the South shows a slight increase within the lifetime of survey respondents: 6% of Southern Indians say they were raised Christian, while 7% say they are currently Christian. For example, 57% of Indians who pray daily watch other serial programs weekly, while 47% of other Indians do this. In India, most adults (56%) say they have made a religious pilgrimage, and this is true across most religious groups. Roughly half of Indian adults (48%) say they watch religious programs or serials at least weekly. Thailand's Stunning Religious Art and Architecture - Culture Trip For example, 82% of Hindus say the Bhagavad Gita is the word of God; 22% read it every week. Puja is not the only home-based religious practice for many Indians. Southern Indians are the least likely to say their sacred text is the word of God (71%), with Hindus driving this pattern. BUDDHIST AND HINDU ARCHITECTURE - Historyworld This is especially true for holy basil (the tulsi plant), which is considered sacred in India majorities of Hindus (72%) and Jains (62%) have tulsi at home, compared with about three-in-ten or fewer in other groups. Hindus in the Eastern region of India are generally less likely than Hindus elsewhere to practice puja at home or at temple on a weekly basis. Hindu temple - Wikipedia Of the world's major religions, Christianity is the largest, with more than two billion followers. Still, relatively few converts say they, personally, have faced discrimination due to their caste in the last 12 months (12%). For example, among Hindu BJP voters who link national identity with both religion and language, 83% say it is very important to stop Hindu women from marrying into another religion, compared with 61% among other Hindu voters. Members of all of Indias major religious communities tend to see these rites as highly important. Fewer than half of Indias Buddhists (44%) visit temples at least monthly. Similarly, Indians of different religious backgrounds hold elders in high respect. For instance, many Muslim, Sikh and Christian women in India say they wear a bindi (a forehead marking, often worn by married women), even though putting on a bindi has Hindu origins. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA About 98% of Indias total population had a chance of being selected for this survey. These locations include some heavily Muslim areas, which is part of the reason why Muslims make up 11% of the surveys total sample, while Indias adult population is roughly 13% Muslim, according to the most recent census data that is publicly available, from 2011. and is a special place where Hindus worship. Meanwhile, a clear majority of Indians (62%) watch the news at least weekly. Most recently, while the survey was being conducted, demonstrations broke out in parts of New Delhi and elsewhere over the governments new citizenship law, which creates an expedited path to citizenship for immigrants from some neighboring countries but not Muslims. Southern Indians are less likely than Indians in other regions to invite religious leaders to their homes. (bell ringing) A principal deity resides at the heart of each temple, like a king or queen in their palace. Of course, Hindus make up the majority of the population, and as a result of sheer numbers, may be more likely to interact with fellow Hindus than with people of other religions. Hinduism Beliefs, Symbols Some. Hindus who pray daily are more likely than others to follow a guru, pir or baba (47% vs. 33%). Even among Buddhists, who have the lowest rate of monthly temple attendance (44%), three-quarters of adults say they give money to temples. To improve respondent comprehension of survey questions and to ensure all questions were culturally appropriate, Pew Research Center followed a multi-phase questionnaire development process that included expert review, focus groups, cognitive interviews, a pretest and a regional pilot survey before the national survey. College graduates are modestly less likely than other Indians to say religion has high importance in their life (80% vs. 85%). But generally, people in Indias major religious communities tend to see themselves as very different from others. Among Hindus, for instance, any conversion out of the group is matched by conversion into the group: 0.7% of respondents say they were raised Hindu but now identify as something else, and although Hindu texts and traditions do not agree on any formal process for conversion into the religion, roughly the same share (0.8%) say they werenot raised Hindu but now identify as Hindu.5Most of these new followers of Hinduism are married to Hindus. Most Muslims in India say a person cannot be Muslim if they never pray or attend a mosque. For example, marriages across religious lines and, relatedly, religious conversions are exceedingly rare (see Chapter 3). In fact, the share of Muslims who see widespread discrimination against their community is similar to the share of Hindus who say Hindus face widespread religious discrimination in India (21%). This is slightly lower than the share who watch other serials with this frequency (53%). Chapter 6: Religion Flashcards | Quizlet Stupas and temples: from the 1st century BC. Christian Churches means lord, master, and power; Byzantine - style Orthodox churches are highly ornate, topped by prominent domes; American Protestant churches are simple, with little ornamentation; Early United States: Northeast - wood, Southeast - brick, Southwest - adobe; Latin America - stucco and stone Muslim Mosques But the survey finds that most Indians do not perceive widespread caste-based discrimination. And the vast majority of Indians of all major religious backgrounds say that respecting elders is very important to their faith. (The survey finds that 6% of self-described Muslims in India say they do not believe in God; see Near-universal belief in God, but wide variation in how God is perceived above.). Most Indians from other castes say they would be willing to have someone belonging to a Scheduled Caste as a neighbor (72%). 2300. The survey asked Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains how frequently they perform this ritual at home and at a temple. Respondents could select up to three of those 15 deities by naming them or selecting the corresponding image shown on a card. Pew Research Center June 29, 2021 Religion in India: Tolerance and Segregation Indians say it is important to respect all religions, but major religious groups see little in common and want to live separately By Neha Sahgal, Jonathan Evans, Ariana Monique Salazar, Kelsey Jo Starr and Manolo Corichi (Indranil Mukherjee/AFP via Getty Images) Members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are slightly more likely than others to perceive widespread discrimination against their two groups. Fifteen named deities were available for selection, though no answer options were read aloud. 10 Places of Worships Across Religions in the World - os.me In fact, among Sikhs, those who say religion is very important are less likely than other Sikhs to ever practice yoga. The god that Hindus most commonly feel close to is Shiva (44%). Hinduism - Origins, Facts & Beliefs | HISTORY Known as secularization theory, it particularly reflects the experience of Western European countries from the end of World War II to the present. Older Hindus (ages 35 and older) are more likely than younger Hindu adults to have received purification in a holy body of water (69% vs. 60%). For example, while about three-in-four Hindus (76%) practice puja at home weekly, roughly half (53%) do so at a temple each week. Local interviewers administered the survey between Nov. 17, 2019, and March 23, 2020, in 17 languages. BACKGROUND The third largest religion in the world - after Christianity and Islam - Hinduism accounts for roughly 14% of the global population, with approximately 2 million Hindus living in the United States. But one behavior that a clear majority of Indian Hindus feel is incompatible with Hinduism is eating beef: 72% of Hindus in India say a person who eats beef cannot be a Hindu. In general, college-educated Indians, younger adults (ages 18 to 34) and those who live in urban areas are slightly more inclined than other Indians to watch religious programs weekly. Some Sikhs (9%) say they follow Sufi orders, which are linked with Islam, and about half (52%) say they have a lot in common with Hindus. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet A prominent theory in the social sciences hypothesizes that as countries advance economically, their populations tend to become less religious, often leading to wider social change. For Hindus, dharma is the natural law built into the universe. Among Muslims who prefer more religious segregation that is, who say they would not accept a person of a different faith as a neighbor an even higher share (60%) say Partition was a bad thing for Hindu-Muslim relations. Since 1937, Indias Muslims have had the option of resolving family and inheritance-related cases in officially recognized Islamic courts, known as dar-ul-qaza. Among Muslims, those with a college education are more inclined than less-educated Muslims to give money to charitable causes aside from the mosque (87% vs. 73%). Indias Muslim community, the second-largest religious group in the country, historically has had a complicated relationship with the Hindu majority. According to the Pew survey, Hindus were "not the religious group most likely to practice yoga in India.". Religious clothing and personal appearance, Appendix B: Index of religious segregation, Key facts about the religiously and demographically diverse states of India, Key findings about the religious composition of India, Size & Demographic Characteristics of Religious Groups, International Religious Freedom & Restrictions, Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project, Religious Characteristics of Demographic Groups, Gun Violence Widely Viewed as a Major and Growing National Problem, A record-high share of 40-year-olds in the U.S. have never been married, Majorities of Americans Prioritize Renewable Energy, Back Steps to Address Climate Change, More Americans Disapprove Than Approve of Colleges Considering Race, Ethnicity in Admissions Decisions, International Views of Biden and U.S. In December 2019, protests against the countrys new citizenship law broke out in several regions. Even though three-in-ten people in the South say there is widespread caste discrimination in India, the region also has a history of anti-caste movements. Some, like Frz Tughluq (ruled 1351-88) and Aurangzeb (ruled 1658-1707), were strongly anti-Hindu and enforced payment of jizya, a poll tax on unbelievers. Among Muslims, those who recently have faced financial hardship (i.e., were unable to pay for food, medicine or housing in the last year) are slightly more likely than other Muslims to have made a pilgrimage (41% vs. 34%). Respondents were asked two separate questions to measure religious switching: What is your present religion, if any? and, later in the survey, In what religion were you raised, if any? Overall, 98% of respondents give the same answer to both these questions. Hindus traditionally view cows as sacred, and laws pertaining to cow slaughter have been a recent flashpoint in India. Since 2018, the Hindu nationalist party Hindu Mahasabha (which does not hold any seats in Parliament) has tried to set up Hindu religious courts, known as Hindutva courts, aiming to play a role similar to dar-ul-qaza, only for the majority Hindu community. Hindus are divided on whether beliefs and practices such as believing in God, praying and going to the temple are necessary to be a Hindu. By contrast, majorities of Muslims, Christians and Sikhs say there is only one God. Indeed, a majority of Muslims who favor separate religious courts for their community say religious diversity benefits India (59%), compared with somewhat fewer of those who oppose religious courts for Muslims (50%). Hindus differ significantly by region on whether they have ever participated in or witnessed an animal sacrifice. Religious observances described throughout this chapter are common among Hindus regardless of partisanship and other political views. There is no official conversion process or ceremony for converting to the Hindu faith. The survey asked all Indian Hindus who say they believe in God which god they feel closest to showing them 15 images of gods on a card as possible options and the vast majority of Hindus selected more than one god or indicated that they have many personal gods (84%).7This is true not only among Hindus who say they believe in many gods (90%) or in one God with many manifestations (87%), but also among those who say there is only one God (82%). The moral law is part of reality. About a third of Indians (35%) say they everpractice yoga, with just 13% doing so weekly or more often. People are born into a particular caste and tend to keep many aspects of their social life within its boundaries, including whom they marry. Among Southern Indians, for example, 30% see widespread discrimination against Dalits, compared with 13% in the Central part of the country. Indians also overwhelmingly give to other charities. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Read our research on: LGBTQ Attitudes & Experiences| Artificial Intelligence | Affirmative Action. Even though the systems origins are in historical Hindu writings, today Indians nearly universally identify with a caste, regardless of whether they are Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist or Jain. Read our research on: LGBTQ Attitudes & Experiences| Artificial Intelligence | Affirmative Action. But on the whole, Indians who say religion is very important in their lives are not more likely than other Indians to do yoga. The caste system is an ancient social hierarchy based on occupation and economic status. Stanley Samartha, the dialogue program's first director, was a South Indian theologian who saw Christian and Hindu thought compatible in many aspects. The survey finds that 33% of Sikhs preferred the Indian National Congress Party Gandhis party. For example, 46% of Hindus in Indias West feel close to Ganesha, but only 15% feel this way in the Northeast. Most Sikhs (57%) and Jains (61%) say they practice meditation at least once a week, as do 52% of Muslims and 47% of Hindus. (For more analysis of Sikhs views on passing religious traditions on to their children, see Chapter 8.). Dar-ul-qaza are overseen by the All India Muslim Personal Law Board. Moreover, there is no required state religion, but rather a state of religious freedom. Though their specific practices and beliefs may vary, all of Indias major religious communities are highly observant by standard measures. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Nearly two-thirds of Hindus say they have received purification by taking a dip in a holy body of water, such as the Ganges River (65%). About a quarter of Jains and Sikhs say they do yoga at least weekly. In the survey, just 19% of Hindus in the region say they voted for the BJP, compared with roughly two-thirds in the Northern (68%) and Central (65%) parts of the country who say they voted for the ruling party. The location in Ayodhya where many Hindus believe Ram was born has been a source of controversy: Hindu mobs demolished a mosque on the site in 1992, claiming that a Hindu temple originally existed there. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Place of worship - Wikipedia Christianity is based on the life and teachings . Majorities in most religious groups responded that they do, including the vast majority of Hindus (87%) and Jains (85%). Indian Muslims are slightly more likely than Hindus to consider religion very important in their lives (91% vs. 84%). Among Indian Hindus, similarly, 56% believe in heaven and 49% believe in angels. (See Chapter 4 for more analysis of Indians views on caste. Attitudes toward beef appear to be part of a regional and cultural divide among Hindus: Southern Indian Hindus are considerably less likely than others to disqualify beef eaters from being Hindu (50% vs. 83% in the Northern and Central parts of the country). Most Indians (71%) say they visit these religious sites at least once a month. Led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the BJP is often described as promoting a Hindu nationalist ideology. For instance, overwhelming shares across Indias religious communities say they are very proud to be Indian, and most agree that Indian culture is superior to others. In other words, Indians concept of religious tolerance does not necessarily involve the mixing of religious communities. Hinduism, major world religion originating on the Indian subcontinent and comprising several and varied systems of philosophy, belief, and ritual. But personal experiences with discrimination among Muslims vary quite a bit regionally. Sikhs and Muslims are the most likely to say they follow a guru, pir or baba (57% and 53%, respectively). For example, 87% of Jains go to a temple at least monthly, including 70% who visit the temple at least once a week. For example, nearly identical shares of Dalits and members of General Category castes say stopping inter-caste marriages is very important. For example, many Hindus (45%) say they are fine with having neighbors of all other religions be they Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist or Jain but an identical share (45%) say they would not be willing to accept followers of at least one of these groups, including more than one-in-three Hindus (36%) who do not want a Muslim as a neighbor.

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